TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a standardized
test of English language proficiency for non-native
English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S. universities. The test is
accepted by many English-speaking academic
and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language
tests in the world, the other being the IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
TOEFL is a trademark of ETS (Educational Testing Service), a private
non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. There are two
formats for the TOEFL test. The format you take depends on the location of test center. Most test takers take the TOEFL
Internet Based Test (iBT). Test centers that do not have Internet access offer
the Paper-based Test (PBT).
1. Internet Based Test (iBT)
The TOEFL
iBT test is given in English and administered via the Internet. There
are four sections (reading, listening, speaking and writing) which take a total
of about four and a half hours to complete.
TOEFL iBT Test Sections
Section
|
Time
Limit
|
Questions
|
Tasks
|
Reading*
|
60–80 minutes
|
36–56 questions
|
Read 3 or 4 passages from academic
texts and answer questions.
|
Listening
|
60–90 minutes
|
34–51 questions
|
Listen to lectures, classroom
discussions and conversations, then answer questions.
|
Break
|
10 minutes
|
—
|
—
|
Speaking
|
20 minutes
|
6 tasks
|
Express an opinion on a familiar
topic; speak based on reading and listening tasks.
|
Writing
|
50 minutes
|
2 tasks
|
Write essay responses based on
reading and listening tasks; support an opinion in writing.
|
a. Reading
Section
The Reading section consists of
questions on 4–6 passages, each approximately 700 words in length. The passages
are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an
undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical
functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students
answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information,
sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types
of questions in the TOEFL iBT test require filling out tables or completing summaries.
Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the
correct answer.
b. Listening
Section
The Listening section consists
of questions on six passages, each 3–5 minutes in length. These passages
include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions.
The conversations involve a student and either a professor or a campus service
provider. The lectures are a self-contained portion of an academic lecture,
which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized
background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture passage
is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may
refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is
associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are
meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details,
implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker
purpose and speaker attitude.
c. Speaking
Section
The Speaking section consists
of six tasks: two independent and four integrated. In the two independent
tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are
evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas
clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a
short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about
campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the
text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to
an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond
to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are
evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey
information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes
as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their
responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to
begin speaking. The responses are digitally recorded, sent to ETS’s Online
Scoring Network (OSN), and evaluated by three to six raters.
d. Writing
Section
The Writing section measures a
test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks:
one integrated and one independent. In the integrated task, test-takers read a
passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss it. The test-taker
then writes a summary about the important points in the listening passage and
explains how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the
independent task, the test-taker must write an essay that states their opinion
or choice, and then explain it, rather than simply listing personal preferences
or choices. Responses are sent to the ETS OSN and evaluated by at least 3
different raters.
2. Paper Based Test (PBT)
The TOEFL paper-based Test (PBT)
is available in limited areas. Scores are valid for two years after the test
date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or agencies
during that time.
a. Listening (30 – 40 minutes)
The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one
contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8
questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about
lectures or talks.
b.
Structure
and Written Expression (25 minutes)
The Structure and Written Expression section has 15
exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying
errors.
c.
Reading
Comprehension (55 minutes)
The Reading Comprehension sections has 50 questions about
reading passages.
d.
Writing (30 minutes)
The TOEFL PBT administrations include a writing test called
the Test of Written English (TWE). This is one essay question with 250–300
words in average.
Nama :
Pika Rustia
Kelas : 3EB09
NPM :
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